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🇰🇷 South Korea /Conflict & Security

Donghak's Tragedy and the Return of Wartime Operational Control

From Hankyoreh · () Korean

Translated from Korean, summarized and contextualized by DistantNews.

At a glance

Analysis Named sources Context piece
  • The article draws a parallel between the historical loss of operational control by the Joseon Dynasty to Japanese forces during the Donghak Peasant Revolution and the contemporary debate over the transfer of wartime operational control (OPCON) of South Korean troops.
  • In 1894, despite the formation of a supreme military command, actual control of operations against the Donghak rebels was effectively held by a Japanese officer, highlighting a past instance of diminished sovereignty.
  • The author argues that South Korea, despite its military advancements, remains reliant on the U.S. for security, and the evolving U.S. strategic focus may necessitate a greater assertion of independent defense capabilities and OPCON transfer.

The article begins by recalling a pivotal moment in 1894 when the Joseon government, in response to the Donghak Peasant Revolution, established a supreme military command. However, the narrative quickly reveals a stark reality: the actual operational control of this command had been transferred to a Japanese officer, Major Koshiro Minami, effectively sidelining the appointed Joseon commander, Shin Jeong-hee.

This historical episode serves as a cautionary tale. The Japanese military, fresh from its victory over China, exerted significant influence, demanding cooperation and control over Joseon forces. Correspondence from the time reveals explicit instructions from Japanese officials to "ruthlessly suppress" and "annihilate" the Donghak rebels. This left Joseon commanders in a subordinate position, facing the grim reality of their forces being dictated by foreign powers.

The Japanese army interfered in every command and action.

— Lee Gyu-taeA Joseon vanguard commander described the extent of Japanese military interference during the suppression of the Donghak Peasant Revolution.

Drawing a parallel to contemporary issues, the author highlights the ongoing debate surrounding the transfer of wartime operational control (OPCON) of South Korean troops from the United States. Despite South Korea's significant military modernization, some argue that the transfer is premature, citing the escalating threat from North Korea and the changing security environment.

The Japanese army's battalion commander reprimanded us more harshly than slaves.

— Lee Gyu-taeA Joseon vanguard commander detailed the humiliating treatment received from Japanese officers.

However, the article posits that the nature of the U.S. military presence and its strategic priorities are shifting. With a potential second Trump administration signaling a more "selfish great power" approach, the U.S. focus may pivot from direct Korean defense to broader containment of China. Furthermore, the article suggests that large-scale U.S. reinforcements may not be guaranteed in the event of conflict.

Ultimately, the piece calls for a more assertive stance from South Korea, emphasizing the need for independent defense capabilities and the eventual transfer of OPCON. It argues that true self-reliance is crucial for maintaining a healthy and long-term alliance with the United States, suggesting that continued deference could lead to a subordinate role, akin to the historical subjugation experienced during the Donghak Revolution.

The United States' involvement is shifting from 'Korean defense' to 'China containment'.

— Kang Geon-sikA former senior official at the National Security Office suggested a change in U.S. strategic priorities.
DistantNews Editorial

Originally published by Hankyoreh in Korean. Translated, summarized, and contextualized by our editorial team with added local perspective. Read our editorial standards.

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