How countries control invasive species

Australia uses a layered biosecurity system to control the entry of live animals and protect against disease and threats to ecosystems. Its Biosecurity Import Conditions system, known as BICON, sets detailed requirements for approved animals and reproductive materials.

People or organizations seeking to import live invertebrates or their reproductive material must obtain a permit. Authorities assess each application separately rather than automatically approving every request. Australia also bans some invertebrates as pets, including spiders, scorpions, butterflies, crickets, snails, worms, crabs, live corals and starfish.

Approved specimens may enter only facilities authorized for scientific research or zoological conservation. If an import fails biosecurity requirements, authorities can order treatment, re-export or destruction. Animals and plants considered risky at the border may also go into quarantine for inspection and assessment.

New Zealand requires potentially risky imports to meet its Import Health Standards, legal requirements issued under the country’s 1993 Biosecurity Act. The rules cover plants and plant products, animals and animal products, food and biological products. Live invertebrates face specific requirements and strict controls, with every application assessed individually.

In the United States, live-animal import rules vary by species, disease conditions in the exporting country, the animal’s travel history and the method of transport. Importers generally need a permit from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, a valid veterinary health certificate and a declaration at the port of entry. Some animals must undergo inspection and quarantine. Imports that fail the rules can be refused entry and removed from the country. If they are not re-exported on time or are abandoned, authorities may seize and destroy them.