How to eat like ancient Rome's gladiators: Recipes and their secret drink

Ancient gladiators, revered as the sports superstars of their era, were seen as powerful symbols of masculinity and physical attraction in Roman society. For over six centuries, these arena combatants captivated the public, with successful fighters achieving celebrity status and even becoming erotic icons.

Contrary to popular belief, research indicates that gladiators were not primarily meat-eaters. Archaeological excavations in Ephesus, modern-day Turkey, revealed skeletal remains analyzed for isotopic content. These findings suggest a diet predominantly composed of plant-based foods, particularly grains and legumes, which provided essential energy, fiber, and protein.

Historical sources, like Pliny the Elder, referred to gladiators as 'hordearii,' meaning 'barley eaters.' This supports the idea that barley, a key grain, formed a significant part of their sustenance. Their diet was carefully managed by the owners of gladiatorial schools, as these fighters represented a considerable investment.

Further analysis of the bones showed high levels of strontium, leading researchers to hypothesize the consumption of a secret drink. This beverage may have been prepared from vegetable ash, though concrete evidence for this specific concoction remains elusive. The staple food for many Romans, including gladiators, was 'puls,' a generic term for cereal porridge, with various recipes existing.