Kyrgyzstan faces seven-year precipitation deficit, impacting water resources

Kyrgyzstan is grappling with a persistent precipitation deficit, now in its seventh year, according to climatologist Zoya Kretova. This deficit affects not only rainfall but also the crucial seasonal snowpack that feeds the nation's rivers.

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We’ve been experiencing a precipitation deficit for at least seven years, meaning precipitation is either below normal or within normal limits.

The consequences are stark, with the Toktogul reservoir facing difficulties in maintaining its required volume. Kretova highlighted that climatic contrasts are intensifying across Kyrgyzstan. Areas with historically high rainfall might see increased intensity, while arid regions are becoming even drier. This uneven distribution exacerbates the water shortage.

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The changes are uneven across the country. In areas with traditionally high precipitation, the intensity of precipitation may increase. In arid climates, moisture becomes even less. Thus, climatic contrasts intensify.

Specific regions like the Suusamyr Valley are experiencing significant decreases in precipitation during the growing season, precisely when vegetation needs moisture the most. Bishkek also faces a more pronounced dry period from June to September, where evaporation outpaces rainfall. This leads to soil drying, pasture degradation, and increased reliance on irrigation for agriculture.

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The expert noted that this period is becoming longer and more intense. As a result, the soil dries out faster, pastures degrade, water demand increases, and agriculture becomes even more dependent on irrigation.

Experts warn that even future increases in precipitation may not solve the problem due to rising temperatures, which will boost evaporation and lead to alternating periods of prolonged drought and intense rainfall. The primary focus for mitigation, they stress, is not to influence precipitation but to retain existing moisture through water-saving technologies, enhanced soil health, and forest conservation.

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According to experts, the main task is to retain available moisture: implement water-saving technologies, improve soil health, and preserve and restore forests.