Magnesium: Algeria's traditional diet holds the mineral, but consumption is declining

While Algeria's traditional diet is naturally abundant in magnesium, a vital mineral involved in over 300 biological reactions, its consumption is steadily decreasing, posing a potential public health concern.

Magnesium deficiency can manifest in various ways, including unexplained fatigue, nocturnal muscle cramps, nervousness, and sleep disturbances. This mineral is essential for regulating neuromuscular excitability, cellular energy production, neurotransmitter synthesis, and maintaining bone metabolism. It also plays a key role in regulating heart rhythm, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels. Health authorities recommend a daily intake of 300 mg for adult women and 380 mg for men, with increased needs during periods of intense stress or physical activity. However, many adults in Algeria, as globally, struggle to meet these requirements.

The traditional Algerian diet, characterized by its predominantly plant-based nature, traditionally offers significant sources of magnesium. It includes whole grains like durum wheat, semolina, couscous, and bread, as well as legumes such as lentils, fava beans, and chickpeas. Fruits, vegetables, olive oil, eggs, and fish are also staples. This Mediterranean-style diet is considered highly beneficial for cardio-metabolic health. Legumes and whole grains provide substantial magnesium and fiber, while ingredients like spinach, almonds, and walnuts, common in Algerian cuisine, further enhance the magnesium content. Sardines in olive oil, for instance, are particularly rich in the mineral.

However, dietary habits are shifting, especially in urban areas. The traditional diet is gradually being replaced by fast food and ultra-processed products. These modern options are typically high in refined grains, animal fats, and sugars, while being low in legumes, whole grains, and fresh produce. This marginalization of traditional foods and the increasing reliance on processed alternatives mean that many Algerians are likely consuming less magnesium, potentially leading to widespread deficiencies and associated health issues.