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A draft proposal for legislative powers by the Keiko Fujimori government has reignited controversy over the future of Protected Natural Areas (ANP) in Peru, particularly those with marine ecosystems. The proposal suggests reviewing restrictions on productive activities within these zones, sparking worries about potential impacts on areas such as the Paracas National Reserve in Ica.

Point 2.5 of the document, under "Productive Development and Innovation," proposes harmonizing environmental regulations with productive activities and reassessing limitations imposed on companies within protected areas. It stipulates that such restrictions must be supported by "objective scientific evidence" to remain in effect.

This initiative has drawn criticism from environmental organizations, specialists, and artisanal fishermen. They fear it could pave the way for modifications to current rules that restrict certain extractive activities within protected spaces, potentially opening the door to industrial fishing.

The debate surfaces months after the Supreme Court affirmed the prohibition of industrial fishing within ANPs. In January 2026, the highest court dismissed a lawsuit by the National Fisheries Society challenging these restrictions. This decision set a judicial precedent for protecting marine areas and was supported by environmental groups and artisanal fishermen who argue that large vessels could harm the resources vital to coastal communities.

The Paracas National Reserve, established in 1975, has a special protection regime with restrictions on certain fishing activities. Its status is again a focal point due to the possibility of the executive branch gaining the authority to alter regulations related to productive activities and environmental conservation. Other protected marine areas, including the Grau Tropical Sea National Reserve and the Nasca Ridge, also face potential regulatory changes.