Panama study links homelessness to mental health, substance abuse, and exclusion

Homelessness in Panama is a complex issue extending beyond a lack of shelter, according to a new study by the University of Panama's Psychology Faculty. Researchers analyzed psychosocial variables among 160 individuals in shelters between 2018 and 2023, revealing deep connections to mental health, substance abuse, educational and job exclusion, and cognitive impairments.

The investigation, published in the scientific journal REDEPSIC, highlighted that a significant portion of participants, 26%, started consuming alcohol between the ages of 13 and 17. This early substance use showed a negative correlation with cognitive performance, suggesting that vulnerability can begin long before individuals experience homelessness.

Mental health emerged as another critical factor, with 27.5% of participants exhibiting symptoms of depression and 24.4% showing signs of anxiety. However, only 20% had formal diagnoses, indicating a substantial gap in accessing specialized mental health care. The study's authors emphasize that interventions for people experiencing homelessness must include psychological and psychiatric support alongside housing and social assistance.

Further analysis of the participants' sociodemographic profile showed that 83.2% were over 40 years old, and only 16.3% had pursued higher education. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive support systems that address the multifaceted origins of homelessness in Panama.