South Korea's Elderly at High Risk During Heatwave Due to Physiological Vulnerabilities

The intense heatwave gripping South Korea is disproportionately affecting the elderly, with over a third of those suffering from heat-related illnesses being over 65 years old.

This vulnerability stems from physiological changes associated with aging. Older individuals experience diminished sweating and reduced blood vessel expansion, crucial mechanisms for regulating body temperature. Compounding this, their ability to sense thirst can weaken, meaning dehydration may progress without them realizing it, significantly increasing the risk of severe heatstroke.

Heatstroke, the most dangerous form of heat-related illness, occurs when the body's temperature regulation fails, causing core body temperature to soar above 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). Initial symptoms can include fatigue, headache, dizziness, and nausea. As the condition worsens, the skin becomes hot and red, but sweating may cease. The heart rate can exceed 120 beats per minute, blood pressure may drop, and breathing becomes rapid and shallow. For the elderly, this places immense strain on the cardiovascular system, potentially leading to heart failure or arrhythmias.

A critical concern with heatstroke is the risk of brain damage, which can occur if body temperature exceeds 42 degrees Celsius (107.6 degrees Fahrenheit). This can manifest as confusion, slowed reactions, loss of consciousness, or even hallucinations and slurred speech. Medical experts emphasize immediate emergency response, including cooling the body with wet cloths and fanning, and seeking professional medical help by calling 119. Prevention through avoiding midday heat, staying hydrated, and maintaining cool indoor environments is paramount, especially for older adults who may underestimate their risk.

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Older adults should not be overconfident in their ability to withstand the heat, and family and those around them must frequently check on their condition during heatwaves.