Thermal drones deployed to monitor Patagonia's endangered 'Andean ghost' deer

Patagonia's "Andean ghost," the huemul deer, is receiving a technological boost in its fight for survival. Argentina's National Parks Administration (APN), the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (Conicet), and WCS Argentina have deployed drones equipped with thermal sensors to better monitor the elusive species.

The huemul, found only in the Andean-Patagonian forests of Argentina and Chile, is critically endangered, with an estimated population of just 1,500 to 2,000 individuals. Its low numbers and preference for remote, densely forested areas make traditional monitoring methods difficult. The deer's unique thermal signature, particularly the heat radiating from its head, is key to its identification by thermal cameras, distinguishing it from other local species like European hares, red deer, fallow deer, and domestic cattle.

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The huemul presents a differential thermal signature, which is key to its identification: its head is the zone that radiates the most heat, while its dense fur insulates it from the cold to such an extent that the rest of the body emits very little heat.

This innovative approach allows researchers to access remote areas and gather high-resolution data with minimal human disturbance. Unlike traditional optical cameras, thermal sensors capture infrared radiation, making them effective regardless of visible light conditions. This technology is vital for understanding and protecting a species that has become a symbol of Patagonia's natural heritage.

Collaborative efforts involving national parks, provincial protected areas, non-governmental organizations, Conicet, and Chilean institutions are underway. The shared goal is to ensure the huemul, often called the "ghost of the Andes," remains a part of the region's natural and cultural legacy.

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work together so that the huemul, known as the 'ghost of the Andes,' continues to be part of the natural and cultural heritage.