These Signs May Indicate an Opioid Overdose: What to Do Immediately

Every minute can matter in an overdose, especially when several substances have been used together. The danger can involve drugs combined with alcohol or psychiatric medicines such as benzodiazepines, and death can occur hours after consumption rather than immediately.

The warning comes as Europe records a growing share of deaths linked to combinations of substances. Opioids remain associated with many overdose deaths, while newer synthetic opioids and stimulants are becoming increasingly important in some countries. In the Baltic states, particular concern surrounds highly potent substances including carfentanil, nitazene-type opioids and orphine-type opioids.

Lithuania recorded 74 deaths in 2023 where the main cause was the use of narcotic and psychoactive substances. Although the figure fell from 2022, it remained above the levels recorded from 2018 to 2021. Two of those who died were minors. Carfentanil appeared in organs and biological fluids from 29 people who died after using narcotic or psychoactive substances. Synthetic cathinone 3-CMC was detected in six cases, including two involving carfentanil as well.

Recognizing the signs and acting quickly can help protect an unresponsive person. Call 112 immediately if an overdose is suspected. If the person is breathing, place them on their side in the recovery position while waiting for emergency services. If an opioid overdose is suspected and naloxone is available, use it according to the instructions.

Naloxone temporarily blocks opioid effects and can stop overdose symptoms, but its effect is temporary. Emergency medical help remains necessary after it is given because symptoms can return. Lithuania’s Republican Centre for Addictive Disorders provides opioid-overdose prevention advice and first-aid guidance.