Turkey's Nile turtles on 'red list': 'Under very serious threat'

The Nile softshell turtle, inhabiting freshwater areas where rivers flow into the Mediterranean Sea in Turkey, is facing a critical threat to its survival, according to Fatih Polat, Project Coordinator for the Ecological Research Association (EKAD).

Polat identified two primary reasons for the species' endangered status: extensive construction along riverbanks and the impact of recreational fishing. These factors contribute to habitat degradation and direct mortality among the turtles. The Nile softshell turtle (Trionyx triunguis) is a freshwater species that can also tolerate saltwater, allowing it to venture into the sea up to depths of 55 meters. Its soft shell is entirely covered with skin, distinguishing it from hard-shelled turtles.

While the species' habitat spans the Mediterranean coast from Dalyan-Dalaman to the Asi River, Polat noted that the most concentrated populations are found in the Dalyan-Dalaman region and around the Seyhan River in Adana. These areas are considered among the most pristine habitats for the turtles.

Previous studies in 2001 estimated the total population in Turkey to be fewer than 1,000 individuals. However, Polat's research since 2018, including his master's thesis, suggests a significantly larger population, especially in the Antalya region, where he has identified numerous streams with substantial turtle numbers. The species has been listed as 'critically endangered' on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List since 2021.

Polat highlighted that human development, particularly the construction and concretization of river mouths where turtles nest, poses the most significant threat. He also pointed to the rise in recreational fishing as a hobby, especially post-pandemic, as a major concern. Because the turtles are omnivorous, they often ingest fishing bait, leading to fatal outcomes when they swallow the hooks. Additionally, Polat noted that tourists in areas like Manavgat sometimes feed the turtles human food, mistaking them for loggerhead sea turtles, which can disrupt their natural diet and behavior.