Upwelling Phenomenon Detected in Southern Indonesian Waters

Scientists have observed the initial stages of upwelling in the waters south of Indonesia, a natural oceanographic phenomenon that typically enhances marine productivity and fishery resources. Widodo Setiyo Pranowo, a lead researcher at the National Research and Innovation Agency's (BRIN) Center for Climate and Atmospheric Research, stated that early signals of this process have emerged.

Based on oceanographic parameter predictions for early June 2026, upwelling is appearing with weak to moderate intensity in areas including the waters south of Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and the Savu and Timor Seas. This phenomenon involves the upward movement of colder, nutrient-rich deep-sea water to the surface. These nutrients, such as phosphates, nitrates, silicates, and dissolved iron, are vital for the growth of phytoplankton.

Phytoplankton form the base of the marine food web, using sunlight and chlorophyll to produce biomass and dissolved oxygen. This increased biomass supports zooplankton, which are then consumed by small fish and subsequently larger fish, potentially benefiting the fishing industry. Widodo noted that the current timing of the upwelling is considered normal, with the peak usually occurring in July and August.

However, the duration and extent of the upwelling could be influenced by the ongoing El Niño, potentially extending into September or October. Researchers are monitoring the situation closely. A potential downside to increased phytoplankton growth is the risk of toxic algal blooms, which can harm fish populations. BRIN's observations indicate a decrease in sea surface temperature, an increase in salinity, upward vertical currents, and higher chlorophyll concentrations, all signs of nutrient-rich deep water reaching the sunlit surface.