Karnali’s yarsagumba season set for late May, but yields are thinning and risks rising

The annual yarsagumba season in Karnali province is upon us, a time of great anticipation for the thousands of villagers who rely on this 'Himalayan gold rush' for their livelihood. While the prospect of finding the high-value caterpillar fungus brings excitement, it's increasingly overshadowed by the harsh realities of dwindling yields and the perilous journey into the high-altitude wilderness.

This year, like recent ones, the season's start has been deliberately delayed until late May. This isn't just about convenience; it's a crucial conservation measure. Jitendra Mahat, chief of the Division Forest Office in Dolpa, rightly points out that an early opening in April, when snow often hasn't melted and the fungus isn't mature, harms both the harvest and the fragile mountain ecology. Delaying allows for the fungus's natural reproductive cycle to progress, ensuring the long-term sustainability of this vital resource.

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When the highlands are opened in April, the snow has often not melted sufficiently, and the yarsagumba has not reached maturity. By delaying the opening until the end of May, we allow the natural reproductive processes of the fungus to progress further, which is essential for the long-term sustainability of the fungus.

Authorities in districts like Dolpa and Mugu are working to manage the influx of harvesters. In Dolpa, last year saw around 10,000 individuals enter the pastures, generating significant revenue for the park. Mugu's local government also collects substantial fees, using a tiered structure for residents and outsiders. To combat illegal early harvesting and poaching, local youth patrols are already active. These measures are essential not only for resource management but also for the safety of the pickers themselves, who face treacherous conditions for over a month.

For the people of Karnali, yarsagumba is more than just a commodity; it's a lifeline. The careful balance between economic necessity and environmental preservation is delicate. While the international community might see this as an exotic 'gold rush,' for us, it's about survival, community, and the sustainable use of our unique natural heritage. The challenges are real, but so is the determination to ensure this tradition continues for generations to come.

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We apply a tiered fee structure for residents from within the district and those coming from elsewhere. To prevent illegal early harvesting and poaching, groups of local youth have been patrolling the high-altitude areas since mid-April. We are on track to officially open the gates in the second week of Jestha (late May).