Vietnam's Gig Workers: A Precarious Social Security Landscape

In the bustling urban centers of Vietnam, particularly Ho Chi Minh City, a growing workforce of ride-hailing drivers and delivery personnel faces a critical challenge: inadequate social security. These individuals, who form a significant part of the digital economy, often work more than ten hours a day, yet are classified as independent contractors. This classification leaves them outside the traditional social safety net, with a very low rate of voluntary social insurance participation. The reality on the ground starkly contrasts with their on-paper status; they are managed by algorithms, have no bargaining power over fares, and face strict performance policies that can lead to account suspension. When accidents happen, as a 2024 study in Ho Chi Minh City revealed, a significant percentage of these drivers are left with no support. Looking ahead, the prospect of a large aging population without pensions poses a substantial humanitarian and national security burden. The article argues against rigidly applying traditional labor laws, which could stifle the flexibility of the gig economy. Instead, it advocates for a nuanced approach, drawing inspiration from international examples like Spain's 'Riders' Law,' which presumes employment status and mandates social security contributions. Indonesia's model, where the national social security agency partners with platforms to deduct insurance fees per order, is also highlighted. The piece proposes the creation of a new legal concept, 'platform workers,' and suggests that platforms should contribute to social security based on working hours or income level, possibly through a percentage of each completed ride. A short-term measure proposed is mandatory occupational accident insurance for all drivers immediately upon activation of their apps.

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