Oak processionary moth nears Poland's borders due to climate change

The oak processionary moth, a species originating from southeastern Europe, is expanding its territory northward and is now present in German regions bordering Poland, prompting control measures including aerial spraying.

This insect, which thrives in warm and dry conditions, has seen increased mass reproduction in Germany in recent years. Climate change and warmer spring months are cited as reasons for its expanding range. In response, authorities in border regions like Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, and Saxony-Anhalt have deployed helicopters to spray insecticides based on bacteria over hundreds of hectares.

While the moth itself may appear harmless, its caterpillars possess stinging hairs that can trigger severe allergic reactions, skin irritation, and respiratory issues in humans and animals. Sensitivity often increases with repeated exposure. The German Federal Environment Agency (UBA) advises avoiding areas with infested trees whenever possible.

Authorities are employing various methods to combat the infestation. In Leipzig, nematodes are being used in green spaces, while in other areas, nests are being vacuumed from infected trees. Preventive spraying has also been conducted on selected oaks, particularly in sensitive locations like kindergartens, cemeteries, and sports fields.

It is important to distinguish the oak processionary moth from other similar-looking web-building moths. While the latter infest various tree species and their nests are less compact, the oak processionary moth exclusively targets oaks. Its nests are typically dense and found on tree trunks or branch forks.

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Due to climate change and warmer spring months, the expansion of their distribution areas is to be expected.