🇫🇮 Helsingin Sanomat
Finland · FI · https://www.hs.fi
About Helsingin Sanomat
Helsingin Sanomat is owned by Sanoma Corporation, Finland's largest media group and a European education publisher, publicly traded on Nasdaq Helsinki. The newspaper has a long history as a family business, with the Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation holding a significant, though minority, stake in Sanoma.
Helsingin Sanomat is considered Finland's newspaper of record and is the largest subscription newspaper in the Nordic countries. Media Bias/Fact Check rates it as Left-Center biased with high factual reporting, noting its editorial positions favor environmentalism and left-leaning social justice policy. While generally independent, the outlet has faced controversies, including the 2023 conviction (upheld in 2025) of two journalists for disclosing state secrets in a 2017 article on military intelligence, which raised press freedom concerns. However, charges of aggravated defamation against its journalists and editors in a separate 2021 investigative report were dismissed in 2024. Finland consistently ranks high in global press freedom indices, providing a strong media environment for the publication.
Udinese Reportedly Eyeing Finnish Talent Matias Siltanen
- Swedish club Djurgården's 19-year-old midfielder Matias Siltanen is reportedly a transfer target for Italian Serie A club Udinese. - Udinese is reportedly negotiating a transfer fee of six million e…
Excessive Remote Work Risks Increasing Isolation, Finnish Paper Warns
- Excessive remote work risks increasing social isolation among employees. - The article argues that work should not confine individuals solely to their homes. - Maintaining a balance between remote a…
Finnish Opposition Seeks to Convene Parliament Over Helsinki Garden Funds
- Opposition parties in Finland plan to request an extraordinary session of Parliament during its summer recess. - The move is driven by a controversy surrounding a 35 million euro state support for t…
Lapland War Film to Bring Historical Trauma to Finnish Screens
- A new Finnish war film, "Lapin sota" (Lapland War), is set to be released in October. - Directed by Aku Louhimiehen, the film aims to help Finns process difficult emotions related to the destruction…
Cheesy Ground Meat and Rice Casserole: A Busy Parent's Lifesaver During Holidays
- A cheesy ground meat and rice casserole is presented as a convenient meal solution for busy parents during school holidays. - The recipe is versatile, allowing for modifications like tex-mex flavors…
Helsinki installs signs to teach cyclists the 'long turn' for left-hand bends
- Helsinki is installing new signs at intersections to guide cyclists on how to make left turns. - The signs illustrate a
Corrosive liquid poured on 8-year-old at Finnish school; police investigate
- Police are investigating a suspected aggravated assault after a corrosive liquid was poured on an 8-year-old child at a schoolyard in Vaasa, Finland. - The incident occurred on Sunday evening, and t…
World Cup: England Star Jude Bellingham Strikes Opponent After Semi-Final Loss
- England's star player Jude Bellingham struck an Argentinian opponent after their World Cup semi-final loss. - Footage shows Bellingham hitting Valentin Barco with an open hand to the back of the hea…
World Cup: Argentina Advances After Victory, Player Carries 'Falklands Belong to Argentina' Banner
- Argentina defeated England 2-1 in the World Cup semifinals, advancing to the final to defend their title. - During the post-match celebration, midfielder Giovani Lo Celso carried a banner stating 'F…
Pixelated graphics still strong in games, looking stunning
- The new 2D action game 'Replaced' has garnered praise for its stunning pixel art visuals. - Developed by Cyprus-based Sad Cat Studios, the game took seven years to create, emphasizing the timeless a…
Wildfire Smoke Turns Toronto Orange, Air Quality Plummets
- Smoke from wildfires in Ontario, Canada, has turned Toronto's sky orange and significantly worsened air quality. - Air quality in Toronto was ranked among the worst globally, prompting some resident…
Åland Chef Cooked for Erling Haaland: 'He Eats More Than I Do'
- Christian Karlsson, a chef from Åland working with the Norwegian national football team, clarified details about the team's diet during the World Cup. - Karlsson debunked media claims about excessiv…
Social Media Algorithms Radicalize Children, Finnish Analysis Argues
- Social media algorithms can radicalize children, pushing them toward extreme views and hate speech, particularly young men. - While parents have a primary responsibility, states and tech giants must…
Obituary: Heikki Koivisto, District Heating Pioneer and Visionary
- Heikki "Hessa" S. A. Koivisto, a prominent figure in Finnish district heating, passed away at 83 after complications from surgery. - Koivisto led the District Heating Association, doubling district …
Lasse Virén dominates Montreal Olympics coverage; 'ministerial wines' prices rise
- The 1976 Montreal Olympics are currently dominated by the presence of Finnish runner Lasse Virén, a two-time defending Olympic champion. - International press handlers focus heavily on Virén, replay…
Resident wishes to move from noisy Klaukkala to Kuhmoinen
- Marko Helminen, who currently lives in Klaukkala, Nurmijärvi, wishes to move to Kuhmoinen. - He finds his current home too noisy due to constant car traffic and lack of community. - Helminen spends …
France permits assisted death under specific conditions
- France's National Assembly has passed a law permitting assisted death under specific conditions for terminally ill adults. - The law allows eligible adult French citizens or legal residents with an …
Argentina faces lack of support from Latin America in World Cup, despite being the last regional representative
- Argentina is the last Latin American team remaining in the FIFA World Cup, but faces a lack of support from other nations in the region. - This sentiment stems from a mix of envy over Argentina's po…
World Cup fever grips Helsinki, fans queue for hours at Fanzone
- Helsinki's Fanzone experienced long queues as football fans gathered to watch World Cup semi-final matches. - Fans queued for matches featuring France vs. Spain and England vs. Argentina, with lines…
Finland's Famous Veteran DC-3 Aircraft Grounded This Summer Due to Technical Issues
- Finland's most famous veteran aircraft, a DC-3, has been grounded this summer due to technical issues. - A crucial engine overhaul in the United States faced significant delays, followed by problems…
Finnish PM Orpo Admits Situation 'Does Not Look Good'
- Finnish Prime Minister Petteri Orpo acknowledged that recent events "do not look good." - Orpo made these remarks during an appearance on a news broadcast and later on the A-studio program. - The sp…
Dominican president offers condolences for death of former Emir of Qatar
- Dominican Republic President Luis Abinader offered condolences for the passing of the former Emir of Qatar, Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani. - Abinader signed a book of condolences at the Qatari ambassad…
Living next to the gunpowder factory is anxiety-inducing, says resident after explosion
- A resident living near the Vihtavuori explosives factory in Laukaa, Finland, expressed anxiety about the potential for major accidents, despite being accustomed to the factory's operations. - An exp…
Helsinki Stadium Not Yet Full for Manchester United vs. Wrexham Friendly
- A friendly match between Manchester United and Wrexham in Helsinki's Olympic Stadium has seen fewer than 20,000 tickets sold so far. - Organizer Joel Harkimo believes ticket sales will increase in t…
Finnish Union Probes Cafe Over Allegations of Humiliation and Poor Working Conditions
- A Finnish union is investigating allegations of poor working conditions and mistreatment at a cafe called Cajsan Helmi. - Eleven young female employees reported experiencing humiliation, name-callin…
Garden Helsinki admits 'mistakes' in state funding process
- Garden Helsinki admits to
Man Dies in Parachute Accident in Kuopio
- A man in his 30s died in a skydiving accident at Kuopio Airport in Finland. - The accident occurred during a "swooping" maneuver near the end of the jump. - Police are investigating the cause of dea…
Anya Taylor-Joy's Cunning Survivor Anchors New Thriller 'Lucky'
- The new Apple TV+ series "Lucky" stars Anya Taylor-Joy as a cunning and cold-blooded tactician. - The show begins with a successful heist, but complications arise immediately after the celebration. …
The Onion Acquires Conspiracy Platform Infowars, Plans Satirical Mockery
- The satirical publication The Onion has acquired the conspiracy theory platform Infowars through a bankruptcy auction. - The acquisition follows Alex Jones's payment of damages to Sandy Hook shootin…
England to Face Argentina in World Cup Semi-Final
- The second semi-final of the men's FIFA World Cup will feature a match between England and Argentina. - The highly anticipated game is scheduled for Wednesday at 10:00 PM. - The winner will advance …
Bitter Taste is a Sign of Good Olive Oil, Experts Say
- Extra virgin and virgin olive oils are subject to stricter EU quality criteria than regular olive oil, requiring mechanical cold pressing from fresh olives. - The origin must be labeled for extra vi…
Study: Support car size and shape can decide cycling race outcomes
- A new study suggests that the size and shape of a team's support vehicle can significantly impact a cyclist's performance in time trials. - Researchers found that less aerodynamic vehicles create a …
World Cup semifinal's subdued atmosphere raises questions
- Many observers were surprised by the subdued atmosphere during the France-Spain World Cup semifinal match. - German newspaper Bild described the crowd's mood as 'catastrophic,' criticizing fans for …
Mike Ashley's Frasers Group Offers to Buy Hugo Boss for 38 Euros Per Share
- Frasers Group, owned by billionaire Mike Ashley, has made a voluntary takeover offer for Hugo Boss at 38 euros per share. - The company, which has owned a stake in Hugo Boss since 2020, seeks to inc…
Three-Vehicle Collision in Istanbul's Sancaktepe Injures Several
- Three vehicles were involved in a collision in Sancaktepe, Istanbul, early Tuesday morning. - Emergency services, including police, health, and fire departments, responded to the scene. - Several in…
Ukraine to Buy Chinese Drone Parts with EU Loan Funds
- Ukraine can use part of a 6 billion euro EU loan to purchase drone components from China. - This exception to EU sourcing rules applies because similar components are not readily available from appr…
Leaving Corporate Life: Executive Trades Career Path for Forest and Family
- Iiris Puhakka left a stable, high-paying executive role in finance to manage a forest and focus on family. - The decision stemmed from a desire to live according to her values and a realization that…
World Cup soccer: Was the referee good enough, asks France coach Didier Deschamps
- France's coach Didier Deschamps questioned the referee's performance after losing a World Cup semifinal. - Deschamps alluded to several decisions that he felt were unfavorable to his team. - Despite…
Whimsy: This Summer's Trend is a Playful Ode to Delicate Oddity
- The "whimsy" aesthetic, characterized by fairies and playful colors, is emerging as a trend for summer 2024. - Artists like Lyyti and Harry Styles embody this style with their whimsical fashion choi…
New Tango Royals Crowned in Finland; First Roma Queen Makes History
- Raija Mäntyniemi and Juho Punkeri were crowned the new tango royals at the Seinäjoki Tangomarkkinat festival. - Mäntyniemi made history as the first Roma-born tango queen, winning over 70% of the vo…
British police probe political motive in ex-minister's suspected murder
- British police are investigating whether a political motive was behind the suspected murder of former Conservative politician Ann Widdecombe. - Widdecombe, 78, was found dead in her home on Thursday…
Dinosaur skeleton sells for over $50 million, setting new record
- A Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton, nicknamed Gus, sold for over $50 million at a New York auction, becoming the most expensive fossil ever sold. - The fossil, discovered in 2021, is 61% complete by bone …
Warren Buffett Excludes Bill Gates Foundation from Donations Amid Epstein Scandal
- Warren Buffett has omitted Bill Gates' foundation from his annual donations for the first time in 20 years, according to AP. - Buffett announced a $6 billion donation of Berkshire Hathaway stock to …
HS fan zone: Best spots in Vallila's giant viewing area taken long before Spain and France clash
- A large crowd gathered in Helsinki's Vallila district to watch the FIFA World Cup semifinal match between France and Spain. - Fans arrived early to secure prime spots in the outdoor viewing area, wi…
Finland's 'most beautiful tree' for sale with forest land
- The "most beautiful tree in Finland," the Paavola Oak, is for sale along with its surrounding forest land in Lohja. - The oak and its grove are part of a nationally valuable protected area designate…
Freddy Krueger Returns: New 'Nightmare on Elm Street' Film in Development
- Paramount Pictures is developing a new film version of the 1984 horror classic A Nightmare on Elm Street. - The studio acquired US rights from Wes Craven's estate, with his widow and son serving as …
FIFA's refereeing changes confuse World Cup officials: 'They don't know what is expected'
- FIFA's changes to refereeing and VAR usage in the World Cup knockout stages have confused officials, leading to inconsistent calls. - Referees were initially instructed to ignore minor fouls in the …
HS on a Wine Tour: Visiting the Estate Producing 'Putin's Wines' for the Russian Elite
- Helsingin Sanomat visited a large vineyard on Russia's Black Sea coast that produces wines associated with the elite, often referred to as "Putin's wines." - Although Vladimir Putin is not officiall…
Garden Helsinki | Orpo breaks silence to STT: Denies lying
- Prime Minister Petteri Orpo denies lying about the employment effects of the Garden Helsinki project. - Orpo stated he used figures from the spring 2025 growth agreement, provided by the project its…
Trump Cancels Hormuz Fee, Seeks Trade Deals Instead
- U.S. President Donald Trump has canceled a proposed 20% fee on cargo ships transiting the Strait of Hormuz. - The decision follows "highly productive discussions" with Middle Eastern leaders, with T…
Man partially ejected from Ryanair plane after window detaches mid-flight
- A man was partially pulled out of a Ryanair plane after a window detached mid-flight. - Passengers managed to pull him back inside, and he sustained severe friction burns. - The flight returned to T…
Finland braces for weekend rain, potentially matching July's average precipitation
- Finland is expected to receive nearly the entire month's average rainfall over the weekend. - A large low-pressure system will bring rain and wind across the country, with the heaviest precipitation…
Hungary replaces public radio with classical music amid media reforms
- Hungary is replacing its public radio programming with classical music as part of media reforms. - This move aims to cleanse the airwaves symbolically and reach new audiences with works by renowned …
Sanctions | FT: EU countries paid billions for Russian gas just months before import ban took effect
- EU countries imported a record amount of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Russia's Yamal LNG facility in the first half of the year. - Despite an upcoming import ban, EU nations paid up to six billi…
EU court: Names of athletes caught doping not always to be published
- The EU Court of Justice ruled that the names of athletes caught doping cannot always be published automatically. - Publication is permissible under EU data protection rules if assessed case-by-case,…
Analysis: FIFA's 64-team World Cup plan may just be an interim step
- FIFA plans to expand the World Cup to 64 teams, potentially moving towards a 96-team format. - This expansion aims to increase global participation and revenue, though it may lower match quality. - …
Roadwork: Who benefits from the asphalt race?
- Residents in Helsinki are frustrated by repeated, seemingly unnecessary road asphalt work. - The author questions how the city allows continuous road repairs, citing environmental strategy conflicts…
Grandmother's voice from lighthouse deters moose from Route 8 in Finland
- A unique "grandmother's voice" emanating from a lighthouse on Finland's Route 8 aims to deter moose from crossing the road. - The sound, designed to startle the animals, cuts through the significant…
Book Review: Atmospheric novel on childhood trauma stays with the reader
- Riina Paasonen's second novel, "Joki joen alla," explores childhood trauma and its lingering effects. - The novel centers on Julia, a 30-something nurse, who revisits her past and its emotional woun…
Trump proposes 20% fee on Hormuz Strait cargo, likening U.S. role to 'guardian'
- U.S. President Donald Trump declared the Strait of Hormuz open, stating it will remain so with or without Iran, and positioned the U.S. as its "guardian." - Trump proposed a 20% fee on cargo passing…
Is Finland's Crisis Resilience Built on Quicksand?
- Finland faces significant challenges in preparing for future crises, with current resilience potentially built on unstable foundations. - The article questions whether the nation is truly ready to f…
Berry Crisis Looms as Thai Pickers Face Visa Rejections Amid Sector Abuses
- Finland's berry sector faces a crisis as a shortage of Thai berry pickers, due to visa rejections linked to past abuses and criminal suspicions, threatens harvests. - The rejections stem from issues…
Finland Must Avoid the Fate of Dinosaurs in the Age of AI
- Finland must adapt to the world of artificial intelligence without losing its unique identity to survive. - Those who can adapt to new conditions will be the survivors in the AI era. - Uniqueness is…
Security of Supply: Finland's New Magic Word
- The word "huoltovarmuus" (security of supply) is increasingly used to justify various measures, potentially creating unnecessary anxiety. - The author likens the current overuse of the term to past …
Vastaamo case: Aleksanteri Kivimäki unhappy as Supreme Court rejects appeal
- Aleksanteri Kivimäki is reportedly unhappy after the Supreme Court rejected his appeal against a conviction related to the Vastaamo data breach. - His lawyer stated Kivimäki believes the system is "…
Helsinki Driving Instructor Taught Students While Banned from Driving
- A driving instructor in Helsinki taught students for two months while his license was suspended due to traffic offenses. - The instructor had a valid driving instructor license but was banned from d…
Taxpayers' Association CEO Teemu Lehtinen Steps Down After Nearly 30 Years
- Teemu Lehtinen is stepping down as CEO of Veronmaksajain keskusliitto after nearly 30 years. - Despite public finance issues, the organization continues to advocate for lower income taxes. - Lehtine…
Football: Starlet Matias Siltanen Opens Up About Difficult Week as Top Transfer Falters
- Young football talent Matias Siltanen, 19, faces a potential transfer collapse to French club Toulouse. - Reports indicate a failure to agree on a transfer fee is stalling the move, causing Siltanen…
ICE Agent Fatally Shoots Man Not Targeted in Maine Operation
- A U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agent fatally shot a 26-year-old Colombian man in Biddeford, Maine. - The man, identified as Joan Sebastian Guerrero, was not the target of the ICE o…
Health: Even Small Weight Loss Can Change Diabetes's Course
- High insulin levels can hinder fat burning and make weight loss difficult for diabetics. - Even a modest 5-10% weight loss can significantly improve blood sugar levels within months. - Focusing on h…
Stop breeding dogs for harmful appearance ideals
- A Finnish opinion piece argues against breeding dogs with extreme physical traits that cause suffering. - The author highlights that dogs cannot express their pain, placing the responsibility on hum…
Reader proposes electric mobile homes as a new energy reserve
- A reader suggests replacing housing outside designated town areas with insulated, electric mobile homes suitable for year-round use. - These homes could be powered solely by electricity, utilizing e…
Helsinki's planning criticized for neglecting architectural heritage
- Helsinki's approach to preserving its architectural heritage is criticized as too lenient, with plans to add extra floors to the Stock Exchange building. - The author argues that the city's decision…
World Cup Semifinals: France is the 'flawless son of the family' and therefore hard to stop
- France and Spain will face off in the World Cup semifinals, with France being the heavily favored team. - France has a perfect record, winning all six matches with a 16-2 goal difference and no goal…
Author finds summer solace watching cheerleaders push their limits
- The author finds herself drawn to watching the Netflix reality series "America’s Sweethearts: Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders" during the summer. - The series follows American cheerleaders pushing thems…
Obituary: Urho Riihikoski promoted animal care throughout Finland
- Urho Riihikoski, an honorary doctor of veterinary medicine, died at age 95 in Finland. - Riihikoski had a long career in animal health, contributing to organic production and educating veterinarians…
History: Count Henrik Creutz Tends Grave of Ancestor Who Struck Deal with Benjamin Franklin
- Count Henrik Creutz visited the grave of his ancestor, Count Gustav Philip Creutz, for the first time. - Gustav Philip Creutz made a unique agreement with Benjamin Franklin. - The article likely exp…
Finnish volunteer finds return from Ukraine more terrifying than combat
- A 21-year-old volunteer named Jarno fought in the war in Ukraine. - Upon returning to Finland, Jarno experienced intense fear and panic, finding it more frightening than being on the front lines. - …
Oulu showcases 49 homes amid rising costs for coffee and alcohol
- Oulu is showcasing 49 different types of detached houses at a new housing fair, aiming to attract visitors looking for homes in a cold Finnish summer. - The houses feature modern designs like combin…
Ilomantsi Home Lost to Gold Mine Plans
- Anita Timoskainen sold her home in Ilomantsi to mining company Endomines due to its location on gold-rich land. - The sale was made under an agreement with the mining company, preventing Timoskainen…
Norway's World Cup team returns home to massive crowds
- Norway's World Cup team returned home to a massive public reception at Oslo Airport and in the city center. - Star player Erling Haaland arrived carrying a stuffed raccoon, drawing significant atten…
Finnish minister: EU's social media proposal for children lacks ambition
- Finland's Social Security Minister Karoliina Partanen criticized the European Commission's proposal on children's social media use, calling it lacking ambition. - The Commission suggested that child…
UFC Head Dana White: McGregor's ACL Torn in Return Fight Loss
- Conor McGregor suffered a knee injury, likely a torn ACL, during his return fight against Max Holloway at UFC 329 in Las Vegas. - The fight was stopped in the first round after McGregor injured his …
Why is a fat woman's money not accepted? Reader questions lack of plus-size clothing for women in Finland
- A reader argues that Finnish stores discriminate against larger women by not stocking plus-size clothing, unlike for men. - While men's clothing is available up to size 64-68, women's sizes typicall…
Football's simulation problem: Referees punished, divers defended
- The article criticizes the widespread acceptance and even encouragement of diving and simulation in football, arguing it detracts from the sport's integrity. - It highlights a specific incident wher…
Model scout hunts for 'the next Suvi Koponen' in Helsinki
- A model scout searches Helsinki for potential new faces for international runways, facing challenges in finding top talent in Finland. - The scout, Elina Hyvölä, actively seeks out individuals with …
Athletics | Expert: Hilla Uusimäki is a medal contender at the European Championships
- Hilla Uusimäki broke the Finnish national record in the 400m hurdles with a time of 54.28 seconds. - An expert believes she has realistic medal chances at the upcoming European Championships. - Uusi…
Finland's Supreme Court upholds Vastaamo data breach conviction, rejects appeal
- Finland's Supreme Court rejected Aleksanteri Kivimäki's appeal request regarding the Vastaamo case verdict. - The Supreme Court's decision upholds the previous ruling by the Helsinki Court of Appeal…
Young seal dies in illegal fishing net in Finland
- A young seal died after becoming trapped in an illegal fishing net near Savonlinna, Finland. - The seal pup, born this spring, was found dead in a collapsible net with an opening wider than permitte…
Aston Villa Signs Swiss Midfielder Johan Manzambi for 60 Million Pounds
- Aston Villa has signed Swiss midfielder Johan Manzambi from SC Freiburg for approximately 60 million pounds. - Manzambi, 20, was a sought-after player this transfer window, previously linked with Ne…
EU sanctions Russia over widespread cyberattacks targeting member states
- The European Union accuses Russia's FSB of conducting extensive and serious cyber operations against EU member states and international partners, including Finland. - These operations, ongoing for y…
Helsinki's Lauttasaaren Länsilahti Left in Shameful State
- Lauttasaaren Länsilahti in Helsinki is in a state of neglect, despite being a recreational area. - The city prioritizes maintenance of more popular recreational spots. - Smaller, less frequented are…
Author decries 'idiotic' technology, citing frustrating car wash experiences
- An author is frustrated with "idiotic" technology, particularly malfunctioning automatic car washes. - He contrasts the current digital payment and app-based systems with the simpler process of payi…
Louvre jewelry heist suspect: Mastermind was disappointed with 88 million euro haul
- Two suspects in the October 2025 Louvre jewelry heist told interrogators they were hired for the robbery, each promised around 20,000 euros. - The stolen historical jewels, valued at 88 million euro…
Indigenous community felt ignored after alleged Invasion Day bombing attempt, inquiry told
- FIFA's disciplinary committee chairman unilaterally overturned a player's suspension without consulting other members. - The decision to lift the ban on USA's Folarin Balogun before a World Cup matc…
Photographer Timo Siivonen: Beautiful nature photos are a deception
- Photographer Timo Siivonen's new book combines photographs and essays to question our relationship with nature. - Siivonen emphasizes that his work is not from a forest expert's perspective but from…
No reason for 'slug hysteria,' biologist says
- Biologist Leena Luoto warns that fear of the Spanish slug may lead to the killing of native slugs. - The Spanish slug is a nationally harmful invasive species in Finland, threatening biodiversity. -…
Lithuanian Smoking Cessation Drug Offers Hope, But Not Yet in Finland
- Mikko Waltari, a 59-year-old, quit smoking after 30 years using cytisine, an over-the-counter drug from Lithuania. - Waltari found cytisine significantly reduced withdrawal symptoms, particularly ps…
Television: Seven new shows we're looking forward to this week
- Yle Areena will release new episodes of the crime drama "Shetland" on Tuesday, July 14. - The upcoming television season will feature new programs including artisans, con artists, a duke, and a foot…
Remote Work May Ease Tense Workplace Situations
- Workplace conflicts are more detrimental to productivity than excessive workloads, leading to absenteeism and turnover. - Finnish organizations often neglect conflict resolution, either ignoring iss…